Classification of Anaemia :
Introduction :-
Reduced hemoglobin concentration in blood that is below the lower bound of the normal range for the person’s age and sex is known as anemia. The lowest limit of the normal hemoglobin in adults is defined as 11.5 g/dl for females and 13.0 g/dl for males. Since newborns have higher hemoglobin levels than older children, the lower limit is set at 15 g/dl at birth, while the normal lower level is 9.5 g/dl at three months. While hemoglobin value is the primary indicator of the presence of anemia, other methods of evaluating anemia include red cell counts, haematocrit (PCV), and absolute values (MCV, MCH, and MCHC).
Classification of Anaemia :-
Anaemias have been classified in a number of different ways. Pathophysiology and morphology serve as the foundation for two of the well recognized categories.
1. Morphological Classification
2. Pathophysiological or Etiological Classification
1. Morphological Classification :-
The size and color of the red blood cell determine its morphological classification. RBC size is affected by its mean corpuscular volume (MCV). The mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) determines color. Four forms of anemia are distinguished by this classification system.
(A). Normocytic Normochromic Anemia
The RBCs’ sizes (MCV) and colors (MCHC) are typical. Nonetheless, there are fewer RBCs.
(B). Macrocytic Normochromic Anemia
RBCs consist of a typical the color and a greater size. Reduced red blood cell count
(C). Macrocytic Hypochromic Anemia
RBCs have a bigger size. The cells are paler (less pigmented) because there is less MCHC.
(D). Microcytic Hypochromic Anemia
RBCs have less color and a smaller size.